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- <text id=89TT0499>
- <link 89TT3308>
- <title>
- Feb. 20, 1989: Drugs:The Chemical Connection
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
- Feb. 20, 1989 Betrayal:Marine Spy Scandal
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 44
- DRUGS
- The Chemical Connection
- </hdr><body>
- <p> Shortly after dawn, five helicopter gunships took off from
- the Palanquero military air base southeast of Medellin. Thirty
- minutes later, skimming over the treetops of the Colombian
- jungle, the clattering swarm descended on a ranch outside the
- Magdalena River town of Puerto Triunfo. Thirty members of
- Colombia's elite National Police antinarcotics unit jumped from
- the copters and began searching the grounds. Their eventual
- payoff: discovery of three complexes containing eight cocaine
- laboratories. After the raiders methodically burned chemical
- dumps and bunkhouses, a five-man explosives team blew up brick
- buildings, generators and 15,000-gal. chemical holding tanks.
- </p>
- <p> So began Operation Primavera, the latest effort by Colombian
- authorities to destroy the massive cocaine-processing industry
- that thrives under the green canopy of the country's jungles.
- By the time the ten-day campaign ended last week, Operation
- Primavera had become the most successful bust of coke labs in
- Colombian history, netting a total of 26 plants capable of
- producing 6.6 tons of the addictive white powder a week. Though
- the plants never achieved that level of production, the
- potential output is about three times the demand of the U.S.
- market. Boasted a senior police official: "This is a bullet to
- the heart of the cocaine mafia."
- </p>
- <p> Police confiscated about 1.3 tons of cocaine in base and
- finished form. But what left law-enforcement officials gloating
- was the seizure of unprecedented quantities of chemicals used in
- the manufacture of cocaine. The cache included 417,095 gal. of
- ether acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, and 95 tons of potassium
- permanganate -- enough chemicals to make 104 tons of cocaine,
- a third of the estimated annual cocaine output of Colombia,
- Bolivia and Peru combined.
- </p>
- <p> Those seizures underscore a little noted but crucial fact of
- life in the $130 billion cocaine business: the drug trade is a
- two-way street. The cocaine flows from mostly Third World
- producers to the U.S. and other industrialized nations, but the
- chemicals and other materials needed to turn coca leaves into
- cocaine flow from the industrialized nations to the Third
- World. By participating in this Faustian technology transfer,
- the drug-consumer nations are, in effect, providing vital raw
- ingredients for the scourge that bedevils them and that they
- often blame exclusively on coke-producing countries. "Look at
- all this equipment," said a Colombian police commander last
- week, surveying the ruins of a coke lab. "It's almost all from
- the U.S. And these chemicals come from all over the world. All
- Latin America supplies are the coca leaves and the labor."
- </p>
- <p> The site of Operation Primavera's first strike was Finca la
- Brasilia (Brazil Ranch), reportedly owned by Alberto Toro,
- brother-in-law of the notorious coke lord Pablo Escobar Gaviria.
- Early last week the raiders descended on Hacienda Napoles, the
- grandest -- and gaudiest -- of Escobar's several country
- estates. The helicopters landed to the trumpeting of three caged
- elephants, part of a private zoo maintained by the drug kingpin.
- Not found was Escobar, one of the world's most wanted criminals,
- who has eluded Colombian authorities dozens of times.
- </p>
- <p> The chemicals seized during Operation Primavera were stored
- in standing tanks or 55-gal. drums. In some cases the drums were
- stacked 15 ft. high, creating Andean peaks of testimony to the
- proportions of the smuggling operation. Ethyl ether, for
- example, is essential to the final processing of cocaine base
- into a white hydrochloride powder. The manufacture of ethyl
- ether has been outlawed in Colombia, and importation is closely
- regulated. A 55-gal. drum of ethyl ether that sells for $500 in
- the U.S. fetches more than $12,000 in Colombia. Says Alfonso
- Barragan, president of the Colombian Society of Chemical
- Engineers: "The Colombian black market in chemicals probably
- has a higher profit margin than that of cocaine itself."
- </p>
- <p> The contraband chemicals are not all from the U.S., or even
- from other industrialized nations. Much of the ethyl ether was
- manufactured in Brazil. The potassium permanganate, normally
- used as a water purifier, came from China, which is the world's
- leading producer.
- </p>
- <p> Since Brazil and China are among the majority of countries
- that have few regulations governing the foreign sales of
- chemicals, tracing the path of the seized materials will not be
- easy. But chemicals manufactured in the U.S. may be another
- matter, at least in the future. Last year the U.S. passed a new
- law, which will take effect in the next few months, requiring
- closer supervision of the overseas sales of chemicals used in
- the production of cocaine, including ethyl ether and acetone.
- </p>
- <p> Authorities may be able to trace at least some of the
- U.S.-produced chemicals seized in Colombia over the past two
- weeks. The contraband included containers marked with the logos
- of Dow Chemical Co. and Union Chemical Corp. Both companies are
- among major U.S. chemical producers who have agreed to
- cooperate with the DEA in seeking to ascertain the final
- destination of the chemicals before allowing them to leave the
- country. In the case of the chemicals seized in Colombia,
- however, most of the batch numbers on labels had been scratched
- off by knife blades. Given how successful drug lords have been
- in using a dizzying tangle of middlemen and front companies to
- hide their activities, law enforcement officials may never be
- able to halt fully the chemical side of the drug trade.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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